To work, Vitamin C derivatives must convert to retinoic acid. Retinol requires two steps: Retinol -> Retinal -> Retinoic Acid. Retinaldehyde (Retinal) requires only one step, delivering faster results.
Despite being closer to retinoic acid, Retinal is highly tolerated by the skin and has natural antibacterial benefits, making it excellent for aging, breakout-prone skin profiles.
No. All retinoids are unstable in sunlight and degrade. Always apply retinal at night and follow with SPF in the morning.
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